Janus SOAP User Language Interface

The Janus SOAP User Language Interface, also referred to as the Janus SOAP ULI, is a collection of extensions to User Language intended to simplify the coding of Janus SOAP applications. Although the Janus SOAP ULI may be applicable to applications that don't actually use the Janus SOAP XmlDoc API (XmlDoc, XmlNodelist, and XmlNode methods), most Janus SOAP ULI facilities are restricted to Janus SOAP, hence the name.

As indicated, the Janus SOAP ULI is a collection of extensions to User Language so does not alter the behavior of User Language. This is important on two counts.

1. User Language applications will continue to work as they always have even after Janus SOAP is installed (and thus the Janus SOAP ULI enabled).
2. All manuals related to Model 204 User Language are still valid, and information about User Language programming can be found in many manuals outside of this one. Primary sources for information about User Language include:
   • The Model 204 User Language Manual from Rocket
   • The Sirius Functions Reference Manual
   • The SirFact Reference Manual
   • The assorted Sirius product-specific API references, such as the Janus Web Server Reference Manual, the Janus Sockets Reference Manual, the Janus Open Server Reference Manual, the Janus Open Client Reference Manual, and the Fast/Unload Reference Manual. All Sirius Software Documentation is a available for download in PDF format.

Many of the extensions in the Janus SOAP ULI come from Object-Oriented Programming (sometimes abbreviated O-O) concepts that are implemented in many languages. These languages include Visual Basic .Net (often called VB.Net), Java, Eiffel, Perl, C++, C#, Smalltalk, Python, and Ruby. While most languages differ in the implementation details of O-O concepts, especially in syntax, the basic concepts are incorporated in all these languages, and once a programmer understands these concepts, it is usually relatively easy to move between the languages.

The Janus SOAP ULI, first available in Sirius Mods version 6.5, has support for many but not all the concepts discussed in books about object-oriented programming. Specifically there is no explicit support for interfaces, though multiple inheritance provides all the functionality provided by interfaces with more flexibility. Overloading is also not supported but optional parameters provide most of what overloading is used for, and provides it much more easily.

User Language without the Janus SOAP ULI generally corresponds to a procedural programming language.

Terminology

One of the difficulties of learning new programming concepts is that if they are sufficiently complex, like those of object orientation, their explication can seem circular: the explanation of concept A refers to concept B, which refers to concept C, which refers back to concept A. In the introductory stages, you may may have little choice but to understand that this problem exists, use this understanding to avoid getting “stuck” on a concept that is not fully understood, and move on until the complex web of concepts become clear.

To facilitate the initial learning process and to provide a quick reference for when the concepts become clearer, brief definitions of key object-oriented terms are descibed here:

Class

A description of the information held in a particular type of object and the methods (actions) that can be performed on the object. A given class may contain many object instances.

Collection

A special class that, as the name suggests, is used to manage collections or groups of variables. A collection provides the same functionality as an array, though with much more flexibility. The term collection is not standard object-oriented programming terminology but it is used in Visual Basic in almost exactly the same way, and it is a concept present in most object-oriented programming languages.

Constructor

A method that processes an object immediately after the object is

instantiated (created). The term constructor is standard object-oriented programming terminology, but it does not appear as an actual keyword in most object-oriented programming languages.

Enumeration

A special class that is used to denote a group of names with a limited set of values like, for example, True and False. The term “enumeration” is not standard object-oriented programming terminology and, in fact, appears in many object-oriented languages as a procedural language leftover often called “Enum.”

Function

A method that returns a value and cannot be set, that is, appear on the left side of an assignment. The term function is not standard object-oriented programming terminology, but it is used in Visual Basic in almost exactly the same way.

Instantiation

The process of the creation of an object, that is, an instance of a class.

Member

A method or variable in a class. A class is completely defined by its members, that is, its variables and methods.

Method

A block of code that performs a particular operation in a particular class. In the Janus SOAP ULI there are four kinds of methods: subroutines, functions, properties, and constructors. Methods can be shared that is, perform work independent of any instance of a class; or they can be non-shared, that is, perform work on an object, a specific instance of a class.

Object

A collection of information that describes some entity, often some “real world” entity such as a customer or an order or a part. Objects have state, that is, information contained in the object can change over time, usually as a result of methods (actions) performed against the object. Objects are never accessed directly but are accessed via references. Most important among these references are object variables that, in User Language, look very much like regular %variables. The specific information held in an object and the methods (actions) available on an object are described by the object's class.

Property

A method that reflects the state of an object (class instance) or, in the case of a shared property, the state of the class as a whole. Properties can be read-only or settable, that is, valid on the left side of an assignment statement. Properties appear to users of a class to be almost identical to class variables, but they actually have code behind them that is run when the property value is set or retrieved. The term property is not standard object-oriented programming terminology, but it is used in Visual Basic in almost exactly the same way.

Structure

A standard layout of variables. A structure is similar to an image, except a structure can have many instances while an image can only have one. Structure variables have the layout indicated by the structure definition, and they can be assigned to each other. Structures are different from objects in that structures are passed by value rather than by reference. Structures can be thought of as composite datatypes.

Subroutine

A method that does not return a value and cannot be set, that is, appear on the left side of an assignment. The term subroutine is not standard object-oriented programming terminology, but it is used in Visual Basic in almost exactly the same way, though in VB subroutines are denoted by the word Sub.

Variable

A container for a value. In addition to the standard User Language variables, the Janus SOAP ULI provides class variables. A class variable can either be shared (accessed via a class reference and not associated with a specific object) or non-shared (accessed via an object reference and associated with that object).

Other User Language Enhancements

Sirius Software enhances User Language in ways that really have nothing to do with object-oriented programming, per se. Also, some of these enhancements are available to Sirius customers that don't have a Janus SOAP license, though all these enhancements are available to customers that do have a Janus SOAP license. As such, all these enhancements are listed here, whether or not they are, strictly speaking, part of the Janus SOAP ULI:

• The Assert Statement
• The AuditText, PrintText, TraceText, and SetText Statements
• The Copy Qualifier for Subroutine Parameters
• Group Field Presence Tests
• Longstrings
• The Loop Next Statement
• Mixed-case User Language
• Text and Html Statements