U (String function)

This intrinsic function converts an EBCDIC string, which may include XML character and entity references, to a Unicode string. The function also converts XML style hexadecimal character references, XHTML entity references, and '&' references to the represented Unicode character. Since in use the method acts like a Unicode constant, it is also documented with the Constant methods.

The U method is available as of Sirius Mods version 7.3.

U syntax

  %unicode = string:U                                                                                        

Syntax Terms

%unicode

A Unicode string variable to receive the Unicode encoding of the method object string.

string

A constant character string value, which may include an XML-style hexadecimal character reference or an XHTML entity reference. That is, string may contain an ampersand (&) in the following cases:

• As the substring '&'. This substring is converted to a single ampersand character.
• At the start of a hexadecimal character reference (for example, the eight characters '“' for the Unicode "Left double quotation mark"). The character reference is converted to the referenced character.
• As of Sirius Mods version 7.6, an XHTML entity reference (for example, the six characters ' ' for the "non-breaking-space" character). The entity reference is converted to the referenced character.

A decimal character reference (for example, ¬) is not allowed.

Usage Notes

• The U method is a compile-time-only equivalent of the EbcdicToUnicode method of the intrinsic String class (with its CharacterDecode argument implicitly set to 'True').
• Using the U method (or EbcdicToUnicode) is necessary for converting to type Unicode if the string you want to convert may contain a hexadecimal character reference. Such a reference cannot be meaningfully assigned to a Unicode variable otherwise, whereas keyboard-available characters can simply be assigned directly to a Unicode variable without character reference and without conversion by U.
• You can find the list of XHTML entities on the Internet at the following URL:

   http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/dtds.html#h-A2                                                   

Example

The first Print statement below displays a plus sign (+); the second Print displays a copyright sign (©); the third displays '2122':

   %p Unicode Initial('+')                                                                      
   Print %p                                                                                     
                                                                                                
   * Entity for copyright symbol:                                                               
   %copy Unicode Initial('©':U)                                                        
   Print %copy                                                                                  
                                                                                                
   * Constant for trademark symbol:                                                             
   %tm Unicode Initial('™':U)                                                        
   Print %tm:UnicodeToUtf16:StringToHex                                                         

Note

Simply specifying 'Print %tm' in the the third Print statement above (or its equivalent 'Print %tm:UnicodeToEbcdic') would attempt to translate to EBCDIC and fail because the Unicode trademark character does not translate to a valid EBCDIC character. But the UnicodeToUtf16 method can convert the Unicode variable to a byte-stream Longstring, which the StringToHex method converts to its hex representation.

See also

List of Intrinsic String Methods